Fukushima, the gateway to the Tohoku region, is conveniently accessible from central Tokyo in just 1.5 hours by Shinkansen, making it ideal for weekend trips. Alongside its rich natural beauty, Fukushima boasts famous historical sites such as Tsuruga Castle and Iimoriyama, both significant in the Aizu War. Other highlights include the Edo-period Ouchi-juku, the mysterious Sazaedo, and museums exploring the history of coal mining and dinosaurs. Here are six of Fukushima’s best historical attractions for a deep dive into its fascinating past.
1. Tsuruga Castle: Fukushima’s “Impregnable” Fortress
Known as Tsuruga Castle, or Aizu-Wakamatsu Castle, this iconic structure in Fukushima served as a key battleground during the Boshin War. Despite a relentless assault by the Meiji government forces, the castle withstood attacks for a month, earning its reputation as an “impregnable fortress.”
Although the original castle was dismantled during the Meiji era, it was rebuilt in 1965 thanks to the dedication of locals and nationwide support. Its striking red-tile roof is unique in Japan and draws history enthusiasts from across the country.
Visitors can enjoy seasonal views of the castle: cherry blossoms in spring, vibrant leaves in autumn, and snow-covered elegance in winter. The castle also hosts festivals featuring nighttime illuminations and projection mapping, creating a magical atmosphere distinct from daytime views.
Name: Tsuruga Castle
Address: 1-1 Otemachi, Aizuwakamatsu, Fukushima Prefecture
Official/Related Website URL: http://www.tsurugajo.com/index.html
2. Ouchi-juku: An Edo-Period Post Town
Ouchi-juku, a popular historical site, allows visitors to step back into the Edo period. This former post town, recognized as an Important Preservation District for Groups of Traditional Buildings, features thatched-roof houses that exude a nostalgic atmosphere.
Once a rest stop for travelers and daimyos on their way to Edo during the sankin-kotai process, Ouchi-juku preserves Japan’s pastoral charm. Visit the Ouchi-juku Townscape Exhibition Hall to see artifacts and photos showcasing life in the Edo period.
Name: Ouchi-juku
Address: Ouchi Yamamoto 8, Shimogo, Minamiaizu, Fukushima Prefecture
Official/Related Website URL: http://ouchi-juku.com/
3. Iimoriyama: A Historical Site Linked to the Byakkotai
Iimoriyama is a site deeply associated with the tragic story of the Byakkotai (White Tiger Corps), a group of young samurai who fought and ultimately perished during the Boshin War.
The spot where they made their final stand offers a panoramic view of Aizuwakamatsu City, including Tsuruga Castle, which the young soldiers mistakenly believed had fallen. The poignant story and sweeping views make this a place of deep reflection.
At the base of the mountain, the Byakkotai Memorial Museum displays artifacts and photos related to the Aizu War.
Name: Iimoriyama
Address: Iimoriyama, Aizuwakamatsu, Fukushima Prefecture
Official/Related Website URL: https://www.aizukanko.com/spot/137/
4. Noguchi Hideyo Memorial Museum: Birthplace of a World-Famous Scientist
The Noguchi Hideyo Memorial Museum honors the achievements of Noguchi Hideyo, a renowned scientist from Fukushima who made significant contributions to medical research.
The museum features exhibits of his belongings, books, and a recreation of his laboratory. Visitors can also explore his childhood home, including the irori (hearth) where he sustained a life-changing injury, alongside a pillar inscribed with his resolve to succeed.
Name: Noguchi Hideyo Memorial Museum
Address: 81 Mitsuwa Maeda, Inawashiro, Fukushima Prefecture
Official/Related Website URL: http://www.noguchihideyo.or.jp/
5. Iwaki Coal and Fossil Museum “Horuru”
The Iwaki Coal and Fossil Museum, also known as Horuru, offers a unique blend of industrial and natural history. Visitors can learn about coal mining in the region and explore fossils, including those of dinosaurs.
The museum features a recreated mine tunnel where visitors can experience the atmosphere of coal mining. It also houses a collection of dinosaur fossils, including a life-size skeleton of Futabasaurus suzukii, discovered in Iwaki.
Name: Iwaki Coal and Fossil Museum “Horuru”
Address: 3-1 Mukaida, Yumotocho, Iwaki, Fukushima Prefecture
Official/Related Website URL: http://www.sekitankasekikan.or.jp/
6. Sazaedo: Fukushima’s Unique Historical Temple
Located on the hillside of Iimoriyama, the "Entsu Sansodo" (円通三匝堂) is popularly known as "Sazaedo" due to its peculiar exterior resembling a turban shell ("sazae"). Visitors can not only admire its unique appearance from the outside but also explore its interior, so be sure to step inside!
Though it appears to be a two-story structure from the outside, the interior is designed with three levels. Inside, there is a double-helix ramp structure housing statues of the 33 Kannon (Goddesses of Mercy) from the Saigoku pilgrimage route. The ingenious design includes separate stairs and pathways for ascending and descending, ensuring that visitors never cross paths during their exploration. Despite its aged wooden exterior, which seems as though it might collapse at any moment, the structure boasts impressive three-dimensional dragon carvings. The craftsmanship of the artisans who built this architectural marvel in Fukushima over 200 years ago is truly astounding.
Designated as an Important Cultural Property, Sazaedo is a revered temple where visitors can complete their prayers to the 33 Kannon statues simply by walking through it. As one of Fukushima's most unique and popular historical spots, it's well worth a visit!
Name: Aizu Sazaedo (Entsu Sansodo)
Address: Higashi Imaizumicho 165, Ota, Gunma Prefecture
Official/Related Website URL: http://www.geocities.jp/aizu_sazaedo/
◎Summary
Fukushima offers a blend of natural beauty and rich history, from the towering Mt. Bandai to its numerous historical landmarks. Whether you’re exploring the legacy of a world-famous scientist or stepping into the Edo period at Ouchi-juku, Fukushima is a treasure trove of historical experiences. Plan your visit and immerse yourself in the fascinating history of this incredible region.