Have you heard of Ashgabat, the capital city of Turkmenistan located in the southwestern part of Central Asia? While it may be considered an off-the-beaten-path destination for many travelers, this unique city is full of surprises. If you're wondering, “What is there to see?”, you’re not alone.
Ashgabat is home to one of Central Asia’s most well-preserved ancient ruins, proudly listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. You’ll also find the largest mosque in the region, as well as grand, beautifully illuminated monuments that represent Turkmenistan’s status as a permanently neutral country. This dazzling cityscape comes alive at night!
To help you plan your trip, we’ve selected four must-visit tourist attractions in Ashgabat that showcase the best this stunning capital has to offer.
1. Gypjak Mosque
Since the majority of people in Turkmenistan are Muslim, it’s no surprise that several mosques are found in its capital, Ashgabat. Among them, Gypjak Mosque stands out as the largest mosque in Ashgabat and is even considered one of the biggest mosques in Central Asia. It’s a popular tourist attraction that welcomes numerous visitors every year.
Built in 2004, the Gypjak Mosque is a relatively new Islamic structure. Although it's a place of worship, non-Muslim tourists are allowed to enter, making it an accessible cultural site. However, photography is prohibited inside. Before entering, visitors are encouraged to cleanse themselves at the polished marble wash area located underground. Upon entering, you’ll be greeted by a massive central dome, beneath which lies a magnificent star-shaped carpet that reportedly took 100 days to complete—definitely a must-see!
The mosque's exterior is equally impressive, featuring a gleaming white façade adorned with golden domes. Its signature minarets reach a height of 91 meters, giving the building a grand and commanding presence. Its bright and elegant color scheme truly shines under the strong Ashgabat sun.
Despite its status as the largest mosque in Central Asia, the Gypjak Mosque remains relatively uncrowded, offering visitors a peaceful and enriching experience. As it is a sacred site for Muslims, be sure to dress respectfully and behave accordingly during your visit.
Name: Gypjak Mosque
Address: M37, Ashgabat 744000, Turkmenistan
Official Website: turkmenistan-japan.com/sightseeing/ahal
2. Parthian Fortress of Nisa
Located just outside Ashgabat, the Parthian Fortress of Nisa was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2007. Since then, it has become one of Turkmenistan’s most popular tourist destinations, attracting a growing number of visitors each year. You can reach it in about 30 minutes by car from downtown Ashgabat.
The Fortress of Nisa dates back to the 3rd century BCE and was once the capital of the powerful Parthian Empire, which rivaled the Roman Empire for control over the ancient world. The site consists of two parts: Old Nisa, where royal buildings once stood, and New Nisa, which was the residential area for the public. These two areas are separated by approximately 1.5 kilometers. Although the site is relatively small in size, it holds great cultural and historical importance for the locals of Ashgabat.
Much of the site remains under excavation, with only around 30% currently unearthed. Since there are no detailed explanations on-site, it’s highly recommended to visit with a local guide if you wish to gain deeper insights into its history. While many Central Asian ruins suffer from poor preservation, the Parthian Fortress of Nisa is especially renowned for its excellent condition, making it well worth a visit.
Name: Parthian Settlement of Nisa
Address: Village of Bagyr, Ashgabat 744000, Turkmenistan
Official/Related Site: http://turkmenistan-japan.com/unesco/
3. The Neutrality Monument
The Neutrality Monument is one of the most iconic landmarks in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan, easily recognizable by its distinctive appearance. After gaining independence from the Soviet Union in the late 20th century, Turkmenistan declared itself a permanently neutral country. This monument was built to commemorate that historic recognition and was commissioned by the then-president, Saparmurat Niyazov.
Constructed of white marble at a cost of $12 million, the Neutrality Monument is an impressive structure. At its top stands a golden statue of former President Niyazov, which used to rotate 360 degrees once every 24 hours. Today, it remains a popular tourist photo spot and a symbol of Ashgabat’s modern history.
Uniquely situated in the middle of a semi-desert landscape, the monument presents a striking contrast between modern architecture and natural surroundings. At night, the tower is beautifully illuminated, offering a magical view that differs completely from its daytime appearance. It’s a must-visit attraction for anyone exploring Ashgabat.
Name: Neutrality Monument
Address: Bitaraplyk Sayoly, Ashgabat, Turkmenistan
4. Ertugrul Gazi Mosque
Located in the heart of Ashgabat, the Ertugrul Gazi Mosque is easily accessible and regularly visited by local residents.
This Ottoman-style mosque was constructed with support from Turkey, which is why its architectural design is reminiscent of Istanbul’s Blue Mosque. During prayer times, the mosque becomes very crowded with worshippers from around Ashgabat.
Surrounding the mosque are four towering minarets that stand tall against the skyline, while the pure white exterior walls contrasted with black accent lines evoke an exotic and culturally rich atmosphere. Inside, the mosque features intricate decorative patterns that add to its mystical appeal. The vibrant stained-glass windows, meticulously crafted, allow Ashgabat’s sunlight to cast colorful shadows, creating a breathtaking scene.
Name: Ertugrul Gazi Mosque
Address: Sewcenko k./Lewitan bul, Ashgabat 744000, Turkmenistan
◎ Summary
How did you find it? Turkmenistan’s capital, Ashgabat, may not be familiar to many, but it is full of unique charm. From ancient ruins and majestic mosques to futuristic buildings, this city offers a fascinating mix of old and new that is rarely seen elsewhere in the world. Why not experience the captivating sights of Ashgabat for yourself?
While summer temperatures in Ashgabat can soar close to 40°C, winters can dip below freezing. The temperature difference between day and night is also significant. Additionally, since Turkmenistan is part of the Islamic cultural sphere, women in particular should be mindful of their clothing. Be sure to take into account both the local climate and cultural customs when planning your trip.