26 Must-Visit Historical Spots in Hokkaido – A Journey to Discover Hokkaido’s History

Discover the complete guide to Hokkaido’s historical sites! Surrounded by the Sea of Japan to the west, the Pacific Ocean to the southeast, and the Sea of Okhotsk to the northeast, Hokkaido is a vast island with a unique history distinct from mainland Japan. Centuries ago, this land was home to a culture different from the rest of Japan, shaped by the indigenous Ainu people. Today, numerous historical landmarks remain, drawing visitors from around the world.

Amidst Hokkaido’s stunning natural landscapes lies a history filled with resilience and innovation. Who were the people who thrived here, what challenges did they endure, and how did they shape their lives? Take a journey through time by exploring Hokkaido's historical treasures and uncovering the stories that define this extraordinary island.

1. Historical Village of Hokkaido

The "Historical Village of Hokkaido" is an open-air museum commemorating Hokkaido's centennial. It is a popular destination for tourists visiting Hokkaido's historical sites. Visitors can learn about the culture and lifestyle of the pioneering era, with historical spots relocated and restored from across Hokkaido, making it one of the most famous attractions in the region.
At the Historical Village of Hokkaido, you can feel as though you've traveled back more than 100 years. During the summer, you can enjoy sightseeing with horse-drawn trams, while in winter, horse-drawn sleighs are a unique feature. The village is divided into agricultural, mountainous, fishing, and urban areas, allowing visitors not only to sightsee but also to experience the culture of Hokkaido's pioneering era. The winter-only "Winter Life Experience" offers a hands-on understanding of how people survived Hokkaido's harsh winters, which is particularly enjoyable.

2. Hakodate Chinese Hall

When it comes to Chinatown in Japan, Kobe and Yokohama come to mind, but the Chinese halls there were rebuilt after World War II. However, the Chinese Hall in Hakodate, Hokkaido, is the only one in Japan that retains the original architecture in the Qing Dynasty style of China. The interior of the Hakodate Chinese Hall is luxuriously decorated with gold leaf, but as of November 2018, it is unfortunately closed to the public. This building showcases the significant economic power the Chinese immigrant community had over 100 years ago, making it an intriguing site.

The economy of the Chinese immigrants who came to Hakodate was supported by trade in marine products, reflecting Hakodate's thriving trade with foreign countries at the time. As one of Japan's early open-port cities, Hakodate developed into a tourist destination with an international atmosphere, and the Chinese Hall offers a glimpse into this history.

3. Trappistine Convent

The Trappistine Convent, a church in Hakodate City, Hokkaido, is a well-known tourist attraction representing Hokkaido. Established in the Meiji Era by eight sisters sent from France, it is a female convent. The European-style brick building was constructed by Swiss architect Max Hinder, known as a pioneer of modern architecture in Hokkaido, who also built 16 other churches in the region.

The first thing visitors notice upon entering the gate is the statue of Archangel Michael, followed by the Statue of the Merciful Virgin Mary welcoming visitors. Among many bustling tourist destinations, the Trappistine Convent is enveloped in a serene atmosphere dedicated to solemn prayer to God. While visitors cannot tour the inside as it is still an active convent, the exterior and an exhibition room are open for viewing during summer from 8:00 to 17:00 and during winter from 8:00 to 16:30.

4. Matsumae Castle

During the Sengoku period, the Kakizaki clan, based in Hokkaido, changed their name to the Matsumae clan during the Edo period. It was during this time that Matsumae Castle was constructed by Ichigaku Ichikawa, a military scholar and foremost authority on castle building from the Takasaki Domain, to defend against invasions from Russia.

Matsumae Castle became a battlefield during the Hakodate War of the Meiji era, where the old shogunate forces fought the new government army. Bullet marks on the stone walls remain a highlight for tourists. Matsumae Castle is the only Japanese-style castle in Hokkaido, making it a popular spot for castle enthusiasts. Surrounding the castle is Matsumae Park, home to 8,000 cherry trees, making it famous as a cherry blossom viewing spot in Hokkaido. The park attracts many visitors, especially during cherry blossom season.

5. Goryokaku

Japan's isolationist policy during the Edo period collapsed with the arrival of the Black Ships, leading to the signing of the Treaty of Kanagawa. Shimoda in Izu, Nagasaki, and Hakodate in Ezo were opened as ports for provisions and repatriation of shipwrecked sailors.

To manage diplomacy and defense, the Hakodate Magistrate's Office was established in Hokkaido. One of its officials, Rangaku scholar Takeda Hisaburo, designed Goryokaku, modeled after European star fortresses he studied from foreign military experts. Today, viewing Goryokaku from the Goryokaku Tower is a must for tourists. The tower also features a bronze statue of Toshizo Hijikata, a popular attraction. This historic site is a favorite for history enthusiasts. Additionally, Goryokaku is renowned for its cherry blossoms, with 5,000 trees blooming in spring, drawing many visitors.

6. Kanemori Red Brick Warehouses

The Kanemori Red Brick Warehouses, a famous tourist spot in Hakodate, began when Kumashiro Watanabe from Oita Prefecture opened Kanemori Trading Company in Hakodate. He dealt in imported goods and ship supplies, spreading products from around the world to Hokkaido. His ventures expanded to include opening bookstores to promote culture and establishing hospitals, contributing significantly to the development of Hakodate and Hokkaido. Watanabe also invested his personal funds in public projects, making him an essential figure in Hokkaido's history.

Today, the Red Brick Warehouses function as a shopping mall with restaurants and beer halls, making it a destination for everyone from families to couples. The night view is stunning, making it a popular date spot for locals as well as tourists.

7. Former Hakodate Ward Public Hall

Hakodate City in Hokkaido exudes an exotic atmosphere. The Former Hakodate Ward Public Hall, built in this city, was once destroyed by fire but was reconstructed in 1910 as a gathering place for citizens. The majority of the construction costs were donated by a wealthy merchant named Tetsuhei Arima, one of the leading merchants in Hokkaido from the Meiji to Taisho periods.

The vivid blue and yellow building located on Hakodate’s Motomachi Slope harmonizes perfectly with the exotic vibe of the city. Despite its blend of Japanese and Western styles, it’s impressive that it was built without foreign guidance. The guest room, which was once used by members of the imperial family, features a luxurious interior with foreign-made wallpaper, chandeliers, and fireplaces. From the balcony on the second floor, visitors can enjoy a panoramic view of the harbor, making it a popular spot for tourists. Unfortunately, starting in October 2018, the site underwent major renovations and will not be accessible to visitors until around 2021. As a designated Important Cultural Property of Japan, this historical site is a must-visit destination once the renovations are complete.

8. Otaru Canal

Otaru Canal, a symbol of Hokkaido, was originally built to transport goods to warehouses as the volume of cargo handled at Otaru Port increased. Though the canal's width has since been halved, pedestrian walkways have been added, and it remains one of the most iconic tourist attractions in Otaru, Hokkaido.

The area surrounding Otaru Canal is home to various shops, including glass and music box workshops and restaurants, making it a favorite among visitors. The "Otaru Snow Light Path" held during winter is a particularly popular event, attracting many tourists. On winter nights, the sight of the canal and surrounding buildings illuminated by candlelight amidst the snow creates a romantic atmosphere, making it a hit with couples. The combination of snow, the canal, candlelight, and delicious Hokkaido cuisine make this a quintessential tourist spot in Hokkaido.

9. Okurayama Ski Jump Stadium

Located in Sapporo, Hokkaido, the Okurayama Ski Jump Stadium was originally called "Okura Schanze," named after the second-generation leader of the Okura Zaibatsu, Kishichiro Okura, who had strong ties to Hokkaido. Later donated to Sapporo City, it was used as a venue for the Sapporo Olympics and continues to be a popular tourist destination.
The ski lift takes about five minutes to reach the stadium’s observation deck, where visitors can enjoy a panoramic view of Sapporo, making it a famous scenic spot. You can also see the steep incline of the ski jump, which is sure to leave you astonished. Additionally, the adjacent Winter Sports Museum offers interactive exhibits, making it an excellent destination for families to enjoy unique winter experiences.

10. Sapporo Beer Museum

In 1875 (Meiji 8), the "Kaitakushi Beer Brewery" was established in Sapporo City, Hokkaido. This later transformed into "Sapporo Beer," which became representative of Hokkaido.

The "Sapporo Beer Museum" located in Sapporo City is a tourist attraction that exhibits the history of the transition from the Kaitakushi Beer Brewery to Sapporo Beer. The museum, housed in an impressive red brick building with a chimney standing out amidst Sapporo's cityscape, enjoys excellent accessibility and attracts a constant stream of visitors.

The museum offers various tours, including paid courses with beer tastings, such as the "Revival Sapporo Lager" and "Kaitakushi Beer," making it a must-visit for beer enthusiasts. Combining history, shopping, and dining, the Sapporo Beer Museum is also a recommended spot for couples.

11. Hokkaido Governor's Official Residence

The "Hokkaido Governor's Official Residence" was originally built as a residence by Mori Genzo, the second principal of Sapporo Agricultural College. Later, the Mitsui Corporation purchased the property and used it as the Mitsui Club, a retreat for hosting guests from inside and outside Hokkaido. A new building was then constructed, and the remaining elegant Western-style structure is this new facility.

This spot allows visitors to experience the development of Hokkaido after the pioneering era. Conveniently located near Sapporo Station, it is always bustling with tourists. The expansive garden offers a glimpse into the lavish lifestyle of the wealthy industrialists of the time.

Within the grounds, you can also visit the "Hokkaido Museum of Modern Art," featuring works by prominent Hokkaido artists. Art enthusiasts can double their enjoyment by exploring both attractions.

12. Sapporo Clock Tower

The "Sapporo Clock Tower" is arguably the most iconic tourist attraction in Sapporo. This famous landmark was built during the Meiji era as part of the Sapporo Agricultural College. Its striking design has made it a favorite photography spot among visitors.

The first floor showcases the history of the Sapporo Agricultural College during the pioneering era, while the second floor features clock exhibits. Originally, the clock was operated manually by pulling a rope, but now it is equipped with an American-made Howard clock. The second floor also houses a hall that hosts various events, so be sure to check the official website for the event schedule during your visit.

Every day at noon, the clock chimes resonate across Sapporo City. Additionally, the clock tower is illuminated at night, offering a different atmosphere compared to daytime. This makes it a highly popular destination for tourists exploring Sapporo.

13. Former Hokkaido Government Office Building

The Former Hokkaido Government Office Building, known as the "Red Brick Building," is beloved by both locals and tourists. Built in 1888, the red brick office has been designated as an Important Cultural Property of Japan and is one of the must-visit sightseeing spots in Hokkaido. Inside, you'll find fascinating exhibits, including information about Hokkaido's tourism, a history gallery of Hokkaido, and materials on Jomon culture. The ginkgo tree-lined avenue in front of the Red Brick Building offers beautiful seasonal scenery.

It hosts numerous events, such as being one of the venues for the annual YOSAKOI Soran Festival. There are also events where you can enjoy local Hokkaido cuisine, so be sure to check the website for event information before your visit.

14. Nikka Whisky Yoichi Distillery

In 2014, NHK's popular TV drama Massan brought much attention to this location. The drama's protagonist was based on Masataka Taketsuru, the founder of Nikka Whisky, who is known as the father of Japanese whisky. He chose Yoichi in Hokkaido as the place to create Japanese whisky, and the factory he built is the Nikka Whisky Yoichi Distillery.

Spanning 150,000 square meters, the Nikka Whisky Yoichi Distillery is a place where you can learn about the history of Japan's first domestically produced whisky. The grounds feature a distillation tower, storage warehouses, and a museum, as well as the former Taketsuru residence—a treat for fans of Massan. At the end of the tour, there's a chance to taste some whisky, making this an especially recommended spot for whisky enthusiasts. Advance reservations are required for factory tours, so be sure to book by phone or online.

15. Kita no Nishiki Memorial Hall

Founded in 1878, Kobayashi Sake Brewery was established by Yonezaburo Kobayashi, who pursued sake brewing in Hokkaido's frigid climate. The brand name "Kita no Nishiki" symbolizes the founder's aspiration to bring prosperity to the Yubari region of Hokkaido. The sake became highly popular among coal miners in the area, driving its sales growth. This historical background led to the brewery's significant expansion during the 1940s and 1950s.

The Kita no Nishiki Memorial Hall also gained fame as a filming location for the hit movie Poppoya (Railroad Man) starring Ken Takakura, making it a must-visit spot for movie fans. In addition, Yubari offers other tourist destinations where you can learn about Hokkaido's history, including coal mine ruins and museums.

16. Yubari Rokumeikan

Yubari Rokumeikan is a luxurious Japanese-style house built during the Taisho period. Yubari City once flourished due to coal mining, and the Rokumeikan was constructed by the Hokkaido Coal and Steamship Company to host and entertain executives. It is a historical tourist spot that offers a glimpse into Yubari's peak prosperity.

Designated as a National Tangible Cultural Property, the exterior resembles a single-story Japanese house, while the interior showcases a Taisho-era fusion of Japanese and Western styles. The building has hosted the Emperor in the past, and its luxurious furnishings and decorations reflect the affluence of the era. The garden, which showcases the beauty of all four seasons, is also a must-see, although it is closed during winter. The facility had been closed due to Yubari's financial difficulties but was reopened under new management. While the restaurant and accommodation facilities are still being prepared (as of November 2018), it is delightful to have this historic treasure accessible again.

17. Abashiri Prison Museum

The Abashiri Prison Museum, which preserves former structures of the Abashiri Prison, is located within the Abashiri Quasi-National Park in Hokkaido. This prison, known for its unique "five-wing radiating single-story cell blocks," is the oldest in Japan and the world's oldest wooden correctional facility.

Hokkaido is famous as a filming location for many movies, and Abashiri Prison has featured prominently in several productions, particularly the "Abashiri Prison" series. After director Teruo Ishii's passing, a tombstone was erected in front of the museum's main gate. The series transformed Abashiri, previously associated negatively with prisons, into a major tourist attraction.

At the museum, visitors can see solitary cells, workshops, and learn about the lives of former prisoners. Guided prison tours are also available, and visitors shouldn't miss trying the "prison meals" at the attached Prison Cafeteria.

Be cautious not to confuse this museum with the current operational Abashiri Prison, which is not a tourist spot and is located nearby.

18. Old Nakamura Residence

Esashi Town in Hokkaido flourished during the Edo period, rivaling Edo (Tokyo) and Osaka in prosperity. This was due to its abundance of herring, which formed the basis of its economy, and the North Sea trading vessels (Kitamae-bune) that brought various goods to Esashi.

The Old Nakamura Residence was built by Uhei Ohashi, a trader from Omi. Its foundation is made of stone from Fukui, while the main structure is built with Japanese cypress. The second floor features luxurious shoin-zukuri architectural design. This prominent example of merchant architecture tells the story of Hokkaido's historical development.

19. Seikatei

Seikatei was built in 1880 during Emperor Meiji's visit to Hokkaido. It is a representative structure from the Hokkaido development era, blending Western-style architecture with Japanese elements. At one time, it was sold to politician Kazaburo Tsushima and used as a high-class restaurant for gatherings of prominent figures in Hokkaido. Today, it remains a historical building that preserves the integration of Western and Japanese cultures from the Meiji era, attracting many visitors.

Seikatei, which vividly retains the spirit of the Meiji development era, stands as a historical sightseeing spot in its original location. It has been designated as a tangible cultural property of Sapporo City, and visitors are free to explore its interior.

20. Otaru Kihinkan

Otaru, a city in Hokkaido, once flourished due to its herring fishing industry. Otaru Kihinkan is the former villa of the Aoyama family, one of the top three wealthy fishing families, and is also known as the "Former Aoyama Villa Herring Mansion." At the main entrance, you’ll find a monument commemorating the famous Showa-era song “Ishikari Banka,” so don’t miss it during your visit.

The ceiling paintings in the first-floor hall, created by a Japanese painter with ties to Hokkaido, are a highlight for visitors. The garden boasts seasonal flowers such as peonies and hydrangeas, offering a serene escape with a backdrop of Hokkaido’s natural beauty. The on-site Japanese restaurant allows guests to enjoy Kaiseki cuisine or herring soba while overlooking the Sea of Japan, making it a highly satisfying destination. Representing Hokkaido’s Taisho era history, it is a registered tangible cultural property of Japan.

21. Former National Rail Shihoro Line Concrete Arch Bridges

The "Former National Rail Shihoro Line Concrete Arch Bridges" evoke the feel of European ruins and are a designated tangible cultural property of Japan, representing the Taisho era.
Among them, the "Taushubetsu River Bridge," also known as the "Glasses Bridge," is a concrete arch bridge spanning the Taushubetsu River in central Hokkaido. Resembling an ancient Roman aqueduct, this elevated bridge was once part of the Former National Rail Shihoro Line, which ran parallel to National Route 273, connecting the urban area of Kamishihoro Town with Nukabira.

During June, the rising water levels of Lake Nukabira begin to submerge the bridge. By August, the water reaches its peak, and the bridge vanishes below the lake’s surface. In winter, as the water levels recede, the bridge reemerges around January. This unique characteristic makes the Taushubetsu River Bridge a must-visit attraction in Hokkaido.

22. Ōmisaki Former Navy Watchtower

At the northernmost tip of Hokkaido, near Cape Sōya, lies the historic Ōmisaki Former Navy Watchtower. Built by the Imperial Japanese Navy during the Meiji era, this structure served as a lookout point for monitoring the sea in response to the Russian invasion of Sakhalin following the Sakhalin-Kuril Exchange Treaty, which established the Japan-Russia border.

Now a preserved cultural landmark, it is the only remaining historical site from the Meiji period in Wakkanai City. Visitors can enjoy panoramic views from the top of the watchtower, with clear weather revealing the distant island of Sakhalin. This makes it a favorite spot for tourists. A unique souvenir from this experience is the "Certificate of Arrival at Japan’s Northernmost Point." In 1968, the tower was recognized as a Tangible Cultural Property by Wakkanai City.

23. Asahi Bridge

Asahi Bridge, located in the heart of Hokkaido, is a beloved symbol of Asahikawa City. Known as the "City of Rivers and Bridges," Asahikawa features over 750 bridges spanning its numerous rivers, an extraordinary number even for Hokkaido.

Constructed in 1932 using German-imported copper, Asahi Bridge is a stunning architectural marvel. The 225.4-meter-long and 18.3-meter-wide arch bridge is famed for its graceful curves. Throughout the year, the riverside scenery offers ever-changing beauty, with vibrant flowers in warmer months and enchanting snowy landscapes in winter.

The bridge carried a tram until 1956 and, in 2004, was recognized as a Hokkaido Heritage site. It is also one of the Asahikawa Eight Scenic Spots. Asahi Bridge is an iconic destination that visitors should not miss when touring Asahikawa.

24. North Breakwater Dome

The North Breakwater Dome in Wakkanai, Hokkaido, is a must-see historical landmark that evokes the grandeur of ancient Roman architecture. Once a symbol for those traveling from Hokkaido’s Wakkanai City to Sakhalin, this iconic structure was designated a Hokkaido Heritage Site in 2001.

Designed by Minoru Tsuchiya at just 26 years old, the dome was his first major project after graduating from Hokkaido University. Applying his expertise in concrete construction, he single-handedly managed the project, creating an extraordinary structure featuring thick columns and sweeping curves reminiscent of Roman ruins.

Standing 13.6 meters tall, with a width of 8 meters between the columns and walls, the dome spans an impressive 427 meters and is supported by 70 columns. Visitors are invited to enjoy the architectural beauty and even try counting the columns as they walk through this unique attraction.

25. Kotoni Tondenhei Village Soldier House Ruins

This historical building offers a glimpse into the lives of the Tondenhei soldiers who were sent to Hokkaido during the Meiji era. Designated as a Hokkaido Heritage Site, it attracts many tourists. The Tondenhei soldiers first settled in Sapporo, Hokkaido, during the Meiji era, and many barracks were built here.

Initially planned as two-family row houses, the design was changed to 1.75-tsubo (approximately 5.8 square meters) single-family houses based on the proposal of Horace Capron, an American military officer employed by the Japanese government and a key figure in Hokkaido's development projects. This led to the creation of the current "Kotoni Tondenhei Village Soldier House Ruins." Compared to modern company housing, it is a rather impressive building. A visit here reveals differences between American and Japanese housing at that time.

26. Lake Akan Ainu Kotan

Lake Akan, one of Hokkaido's renowned tourist spots, is home to the largest Ainu settlement in Hokkaido, called "Lake Akan Ainu Kotan." In Ainu language, "kotan" means "village," and "Ainu Kotan" translates to "Ainu village."

Lake Akan Ainu Kotan is the only place in Hokkaido where visitors can watch traditional Ainu dances. At the Ainu Living Memorial Hall, known as Ponchise, you can see displays of everyday tools and traditional clothing, offering a fascinating glimpse into the lives of the Ainu people. Visitors can also experience traditional Ainu crafts such as wood carving and embroidery, or try playing the mukkuri, a traditional instrument. Moreover, the area offers a wide range of folk crafts for sale, making it an excellent place to immerse yourself in Ainu culture.

Why not experience the rich culture of the Ainu, who have lived on this vast land of Hokkaido since it was called Ezo, surviving its rugged terrain and harsh winters?

◎Summary

Hokkaido's vast landscape is dotted with unmissable historical tourist spots. From the Kitamaebune era of the Edo period to the Meiji era of development and the modern cultural era of the Showa period, these sites all appear in history textbooks and are essential for any tourist itinerary.

Additionally, learning about the culture of the Ainu people is indispensable for understanding Hokkaido's history. Visiting Ainu-related tourist spots at least once is highly recommended. The historical sites unique to Hokkaido are well worth seeing in person.