Kizugawa: Once an Imperial Capital – 5 Historical and Nature Spots to Discover

Located at the southernmost tip of Kyoto Prefecture, Kizugawa City has grown alongside the flowing waters of the Kizu River. In the era of Emperor Shōmu, it briefly served as the nation’s capital for five years under the name Kuni-kyō, playing a central role in Japanese history.

Today, Kizugawa is home to scenic historical routes such as the Tōno Stone Buddha Trail and the Yamashiro Kodo, offering visitors the perfect opportunity to connect with both nature and history. After a day of exploring, you can relax at cozy cafés or visit family-friendly attractions where children can play and learn. From ancient temples to leisure spots, Kizugawa’s deep cultural charm and rich natural beauty await your discovery.

1. Kaijusen-ji Temple, Home to a Beautiful Five-Story Pagoda

Located on the mountainside of Mount Kaijū in Kizugawa, Kaijusen-ji is a Shingon sect Buddhist temple and one of the most iconic sightseeing spots in the area. The temple was originally established in 735 (Tenpyō 7) by order of Emperor Shōmu, who founded it to pray for the peaceful construction of the Great Buddha of Nara. It enshrines the Eleven-Faced Kannon Bodhisattva.

The temple’s elegant five-story pagoda is designated as a National Treasure of Japan. Built in 1214 (Kenpō 2) by Kakushin, a disciple of monk Jōkei, the pagoda stands at 17.7 meters tall—making it the second smallest after the one at Muro-ji Temple. Despite its slender proportions, the mokoshi (pent roof) on the first level gives it a visually grounded and stable appearance.

It is extremely rare for a mokoshi to be attached to a multi-tiered pagoda, and among existing structures, only the pagodas of Hōryū-ji Temple and Kaijusen-ji Temple retain this unique feature. Also within the temple grounds is a striking yamamomo (Japanese bayberry) tree—the largest in Kyoto Prefecture—selected as one of the Top 200 Natural Wonders of Kyoto.

2. Reflect on Japan’s Ancient Capital at the Romantic Ruins of Kuni-kyū Site

Around 1,300 years ago, during a time of widespread disease and unrest, Emperor Shōmu decided to relocate the capital from Heijō-kyō to restore peace and stability to the nation. He chose the right bank of the Kizugawa River in Mikano-hara (now Kamo Town in Kizugawa City, Kyoto Prefecture) as the site for a new capital, and built the Kuni Palace (Kuni-kyū).

The Kuni-kyō capital measured approximately 560 meters east to west and 750 meters north to south, with a total area of about 42 hectares. Though it only served as the imperial capital for about five years, this brief period saw the enactment of some of Japan’s most significant historical decrees. These include the 741 edict for the construction of provincial temples and nunneries, the 743 edict for the creation of the Great Buddha (Daibutsu), and the Perpetual Private Ownership of Cultivated Lands Act. For those with an interest in Japanese history, it’s fascinating to think that these major decisions were made right here.

Today, only the foundation stones of the Daigokuden (Imperial Audience Hall) and a seven-story pagoda remain. But from late summer to autumn, the area transforms into a tranquil destination with blooming buckwheat and red spider lilies adding color to the historic landscape. If you’re visiting Kizugawa, don’t miss the chance to stop by the Kuni-kyū Site, where you can reflect on the grandeur of this once-mighty, though short-lived, capital.

The site is about a 30-minute walk from JR Kamo Station, but it’s recommended to take the community bus and get off at Kuni-no-miya Ato for easier access.

3. Discover the Many Stone Buddhas of Tōno no Sekibutsu Meguri

Located in the Tōno area of Kamo Town, within Kizugawa City, Kyoto Prefecture, this region has been deeply influenced by Nanto Buddhism (Southern Capital Buddhism). Scattered around temples like Gansen-ji and Joruri-ji are numerous training grounds and sacred sites, where over 40 magaibutsu (Buddhist images carved directly into natural rock surfaces) can be found. These stone Buddhas, carved into cliffs and boulders, offer a spiritual and cultural experience amidst the serene satoyama (rural mountain village) landscape.

While there are various tourist routes for the Tōno Stone Buddha Pilgrimage (Tōno no Sekibutsu Meguri), the most popular is the 1.7 km “Stone Buddha Walking Trail” that connects Joruri-ji Temple and Gansen-ji Temple. Since the trail includes some rough mountain paths, make sure to wear comfortable and sturdy shoes when exploring.

4. Phantom Railway: Daibutsu Railway

In Kizugawa City, Kyoto Prefecture, lies the legendary “Phantom Railway” known as the Daibutsu Railway. This short-lived railway was originally built by Kansai Railway in 1898 (Meiji 31), running from Kamo Station to Daibutsu Station in Nara. In the following year, 1899 (Meiji 32), it was extended further to Nara Station. However, due to its brief operation of only 9 years, it earned the nickname “phantom railway.”

One of the most popular remnants of the line is the Lamp Shed, a charming red-brick structure that was once used as a hazardous materials warehouse. Another notable attraction is the preserved C57 steam locomotive, also called the “Running Lady,” located near the track that remains close to Kamo Station. It was relocated to its current location in 1972, following the old Daibutsu Railway track.

Today, the sightseeing route that explores the remains of the Daibutsu Railway is loved not only by railway enthusiasts but also by general tourists. The scenic surroundings make it a delightful walking course.

5. The Mystical Yuhide Shrine Surrounded by a Forest That Emerged Overnight

Nestled in a forest that is said to have sprung up overnight, Yuhide Shrine, officially known as Wakikura Amanofukime Shrine, holds a sacred presence. The deity enshrined here is believed to have been transferred from the banks of the Isuzu River in the ancient Ise Province to its current location in Kizugawa. Legend says that when this sacred transfer occurred, a forest mysteriously emerged overnight—giving rise to the name Yuhide-no-Miya (literally "Emerging Shrine").

Since ancient times, the shrine has been revered as a powerful rain deity. In 1985, it was designated as an Important Intangible Folk Cultural Property of Japan. Among its traditional rituals, the Ikkomori Festival is especially well-known. Held every February, this "Silent Festival" (as it is sometimes called) is a ceremony that prays for a good harvest, welcomes spring, and invites happiness. During the festival, the shrine’s approach comes alive with lively night stalls.

The shrine grounds are also a significant archaeological site from the Yayoi period, with discoveries such as stone sickles, earthenware, and remnants of pit dwellings. Because Kizugawa City is close to Nara Prefecture, the most convenient access for visitors is via Tanakura Station on the JR Nara Line.

◎ Summary

We’ve just introduced some of the best sightseeing spots in Kizugawa—how did you like them? In addition to classic attractions like historic temples and shrines, there are also many unique and fascinating places worth visiting. While Kyoto tourism often centers around the city itself, Kizugawa offers its own share of hidden gems and scenic spots.

Whether you're traveling with family, friends, or enjoying a solo adventure, Kizugawa is sure to leave you satisfied. Don’t miss the chance to explore this charming area and experience a different side of Kyoto.