Costa Rica was once known as the "Paradise of Central America," a country so safe that it didn’t even need a standing army. However, since the 1980s, the security situation has deteriorated, and from the 1990s to today, general crime has increased rapidly.
A complex mix of issues—including drug-related crimes, the influx of firearms, growing social inequality, and youth unemployment—has contributed to the decline in public safety.
This article provides a summary of Costa Rica’s current safety conditions and highlights important points to be aware of when traveling there.
1. Pickpocketing and Theft at Long-Distance Bus Terminals
Long-distance bus terminals, one of the main transportation options in Costa Rica, are not very safe. Criminals often work in groups and target specific individuals. Never leave your luggage unattended at your feet—keep it close to your body or in constant contact. One person may distract you while an accomplice pickpockets or steals from you.
Even onboard long-distance buses, always hold your luggage and never place valuables on overhead shelves. Believe it or not, there have been cases where the driver was part of a criminal group. Even if you leave valuables on your seat, there is a high risk they’ll be stolen. Wrap your arm through your bag handle or hold it close so that even while sleeping, you’ll notice if someone tries to take it.
2. Snatch Thefts Near the Pedestrian Zone in Central San José
In downtown San José, near the pedestrian-only zones, beware of so-called “ketchup thieves” who squirt a ketchup-like substance on you, then attempt to snatch your belongings while pretending to help clean it off. If someone tells you, "Your clothes are dirty," ignore them and wait until you're in a safe place to clean yourself.
There are also scam artists who approach with stories like, “I was robbed, can you lend me some money?”—only to target your wallet when you take it out.
Snatch thefts can also occur when waiting at bus stops or intersections, where someone may reach out from a passing car and grab your valuables. Be especially cautious after dark, even in crowded areas. This reflects the urban-style crime risk often found in large cities.
3. Use Red Taxis with Yellow Triangles for Safety
In Costa Rica, taxis and buses are common public transportation options. While taxis are generally safe, unauthorized taxis called “piratas” (pirate taxis) are also common. Make sure to use official taxis, which are red with a yellow triangle.
Some bus routes pass through unsafe neighborhoods, so it’s best to avoid such routes when possible.
In recent years, a surge in private car ownership has led to chronic traffic congestion in San José. Additionally, driving manners are poor: traffic laws are often ignored, horns are overused, drivers don’t yield, pedestrians may jaywalk, and sudden lane changes without signaling are common.
4. Avoid Fights or Drug Activity in Local Areas
In urban districts with high poverty, alcohol-fueled fights and drug-related conflicts occur regularly. Avoid such areas entirely. If you stumble into one, leave immediately to prevent getting caught up in a dangerous situation.
Even within San José, areas near bustling streets may have vacant lots or abandoned buildings where assaults have occurred.
Costa Rica serves as a transit point for South American drugs bound for North America, resulting in a high volume of drug-related crimes, such as impulsive robberies or murders to obtain drug money. Recently, drug sales involving foreign tourists in resort areas have also increased. It is wise to avoid anyone who appears to be a dealer.
5. In Case of Terrorism or Civil Unrest—Leave Immediately
Costa Rica is not known to have any Islamic extremist terrorist organizations, but that doesn’t mean foreign travelers are completely safe from terrorism or kidnapping. Recently, there have been kidnappings targeting wealthy individuals for ransom. It is crucial to stay alert to prevent such incidents.
There have also been cases of foreigners being involved in terrorist attacks abroad, so it’s important to be aware of global threats and make safety preparations according to the situation to avoid becoming a victim of kidnapping, extortion, or terrorism.
◎ Summary
The security situation in San José, Costa Rica’s capital, demands Level 1 caution at a minimum. Even in popular tourist spots like Jacó, Tamarindo, and Manuel Antonio along the Pacific coast, or Cahuita and Manzanillo on the Caribbean side, robberies, pickpocketing, and bag snatching are common.
Always prioritize your personal safety and move with a heightened sense of awareness at all times.