The City Where Canada’s First Parliament Was Held! 5 Must-Visit Tourist Spots in the Former Capital, Kingston

For a brief period from 1841 to 1844, Kingston served as the capital of Canada. It is also the birthplace of Canada’s first Prime Minister, John A. Macdonald, and the city where Canada’s first Parliament was held. Located on the north shore of Lake Ontario, at the starting point of the St. Lawrence River—which is dotted with numerous islands—and the Rideau Canal, Kingston played a crucial role in military, transportation, and industry.
As one of Canada’s most historic cities, Kingston attracts many tourists from both within and outside the country. Its convenient location between Toronto and Ottawa makes it an easily accessible destination. Here, we introduce some of Kingston’s must-visit tourist attractions.

1. Fort Henry

The original Fort Henry was built during the War of 1812 between Britain (when Canada was still a British colony) and the United States. However, its original structure was completely different from what it looks like today. The fort took on its current form in 1832, at a time when the Rideau Canal was completed, connecting Kingston and Ottawa. This significantly increased Kingston’s strategic importance in military defense and transportation.
After the British army withdrew in 1871, the fort was used as a Canadian military garrison until 1891. It was considered the strongest fortress west of Quebec City and was sometimes referred to as the “Fortress of Upper Canada”, though it never actually saw combat. After being abandoned until 1936, it was reopened as a historical museum in 1938.
Today, visitors are free to explore the site, and guided tours are also available. Additionally, reenactments featuring performers in historical military uniforms, marching band performances, and training demonstrations are popular attractions. One of the most recommended events is the Sunset Ceremony, held every Wednesday evening in July and August, where visitors can experience a combination of all these performances in a single event.

2. Wolfe Island

The Thousand Islands are scattered across the waters near Kingston, and the Thousand Islands Cruise, which takes visitors through these scenic islands, is a must-do activity for anyone visiting Kingston. However, instead of just admiring the islands from a boat, there is also the option to step onto one and explore it firsthand. That island is Wolfe Island, which can be accessed via a free ferry from Kingston’s waterfront.
As the largest of the Thousand Islands, Wolfe Island is located right in front of Kingston. Since the island is mostly flat, it is perfect for cycling! Visitors can enjoy a peaceful ride past forests, farmlands, and wind turbines, all while experiencing Canada’s refreshing natural landscapes. The island is also a great place for wildlife spotting, with snowy owls in winter and migratory birds in spring, making it a haven for nature lovers.

3. Kingston Penitentiary

Kingston Penitentiary began operation as a provincial prison in 1835. It was one of the nine prisons located in the Kingston area, but it stood out for its focus on inmate rehabilitation. Prisoners at Kingston Penitentiary were trained in various trades to help them reintegrate into society.
Until its closure in 2013, Kingston Penitentiary remained one of the oldest continuously operating prisons in the world, marking 178 years of history. One of its most infamous events was the largest prison riot in Canadian history, which took place here in 1954, involving around 900 inmates.
Today, the former warden’s residence across from the prison has been transformed into a museum. The museum features historical exhibits, including a full-scale replica of an actual prison cell. At certain times of the year, guided tours of the prison itself are also available. These tours are highly popular, and reservations can only be made through the official website. Visitors must also sign a waiver agreement to participate. Since spots fill up quickly, it’s advisable to plan ahead if you want to join a tour. Minors under 18 years old must be accompanied by a guardian for the tour.

4. Kingston City Hall

Kingston City Hall is both the city's symbol and its central administrative institution. Since its completion in 1844, it has stood prominently along Kingston’s waterfront. This 19th-century historic building was designed in the Neoclassical style by architect George Browne.
Beyond serving as a city hall, this grand building has also been used for various purposes, including a bank, social hall, church gatherings, theater productions, courthouse, and a medical school for women. In 1884, the police headquarters was added, and until 1906, the basement housed dark prison cells where criminals were detained.
Another remarkable feature of Kingston City Hall is Memorial Hall, where 12 stained-glass windows honor Kingston soldiers and nurses who fought in World War I (1914–1918). During tourist season, guided tours of City Hall are available. If you happen to visit Kingston at the right time, be sure to join one!

5. Bellevue House

Bellevue House was built in the early 1840s by James Herle, a grocery merchant. This three-story residence features decorative balconies and a symmetrical Georgian architectural style, making it one of Canada’s oldest homes built in a Roman-inspired design.
This house is most famous for being rented by John A. Macdonald, Canada’s first Prime Minister, as a peaceful retreat for his ailing wife, Isabella. Hoping that the healthy natural surroundings would aid her recovery, Macdonald moved into Bellevue House. However, her health did not improve, and after only a year (from 1848 to 1849), the Macdonald family relocated once again.
Today, Bellevue House is designated as a National Historic Site of Canada. Visitors are welcomed by staff dressed in period costumes, recreating the atmosphere of the 19th century. The main highlight of the visit is the beautifully preserved gardens, which have been maintained using traditional 19th-century gardening techniques for over 150 years. This is truly a must-visit site for those interested in Kingston’s and Canada’s history.

◎ Summary

With a population of around 120,000, Kingston is not a large city, but it remains an important hub for Canadian politics and military affairs. Its proximity to major cities like Toronto, Ottawa, and Montreal makes it an easily accessible tourist destination.
If you're planning a trip to Eastern Canada, consider taking a short detour to Kingston, the birthplace of Canada’s Parliament and a city often called the “Limestone City” due to its unique architecture. It’s a historic gem well worth visiting!

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The City Where Canada’s First Parliament Was Held! 5 Must-Visit Tourist Spots in the Former Capital, Kingston