[World Heritage] What are the Roman Monuments of Trier? | Introducing its magnificent cathedrals and churches

Trier is home to one of the largest surviving amphitheaters, public baths built in the mid-2nd century, and Germany’s oldest Gothic cathedral built in the Middle Ages. Known as the “oldest city in Germany,” this town’s precious ruins and historical buildings are registered as a UNESCO World Heritage Site under the name “Roman Monuments, Cathedral of St. Peter and Church of Our Lady.”

It’s a popular destination not only for those who love Roman history and ruins but also for general tourism in Germany, as it lies along the Moselle River, a region renowned for its wine. Although the old town itself is not particularly large, the ruins are somewhat spread out, so here are three especially recommended spots to visit.

Roman Monuments, Cathedral of St. Peter and Church of Our Lady in Trier

Built as a Roman colony on the middle reaches of the Moselle River in western Germany, Trier developed so rapidly it was called the “Second Rome.” Around the old town of Trier, many ruins and churches from ancient Roman times onward remain, eight of which were registered as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1986 under the name “Roman Monuments, Cathedral of St. Peter and Church of Our Lady.”

The registered sites are: “Amphitheater,” “Moselle Bridge,” “Barbara Baths,” “Igel Column,” “Porta Nigra,” “Imperial Baths,” “Cathedral of St. Peter (Trier Cathedral),” and “Church of Our Lady.” Each holds important historical significance, with the Cathedral of St. Peter—counted among Germany’s three great cathedrals—and the Church of Our Lady, connected to the cathedral by a cloister, being especially popular tourist attractions.

There’s much to see in Trier, and because getting around the city isn’t the most convenient, it can take a full day to explore everything in detail.

Access to the Roman Monuments, Cathedral of St. Peter and Church of Our Lady in Trier

The most common route for connecting flight to Trier is via Frankfurt Airport. From Frankfurt to Trier, the high-speed ICE train takes about 3.5 hours. There is also a route from Cologne Bonn Airport, which takes about the same amount of time. Both routes pass through Koblenz, where the Moselle and Rhine rivers meet.

Trier is also close to the border with Luxembourg, so you could also visit Luxembourg’s Old Town (also a World Heritage Site) before heading to Trier. From Luxembourg Central Station, it takes less than an hour by regional express train to reach Trier.

Recommended points in Trier ①: Cathedral of St. Peter

The Cathedral of St. Peter (Trier Cathedral) is arguably the city’s greatest highlight and is counted alongside Cologne Cathedral and Mainz Cathedral as one of Germany’s three great cathedrals.

Built in the 4th century, it is the oldest cathedral in Germany, with its exterior alone evoking a sense of deep history. Over the centuries, it has been expanded multiple times, resulting in a fascinating mix of architectural styles.

The massive interior—measuring 112.5 meters high and 41 meters wide—features striking columns each with different decorations, and a grand vaulted ceiling.

Recommended points in Trier ②: Church of Our Lady

Connected to the Cathedral of St. Peter via a cloister, the Church of Our Lady was built between 1235 and 1260 and is a representative example of early Gothic church architecture. The sight of the early Romanesque-style Cathedral of St. Peter standing side-by-side with the Gothic-style Church of Our Lady is rare even globally, attracting many visitors. Highlights include beautifully sculpted human figures on its columns, religious paintings reminiscent of icons, and radiant stained glass windows. Visiting it together with the Cathedral of St. Peter is highly recommended.

Though the Church of Our Lady has aged considerably and parts are damaged, it is richly decorated down to the smallest details. While it may be overshadowed by the cathedral, it is worth careful exploration.

Recommended points in Trier ③: Porta Nigra

Among Trier’s Roman monuments, the Porta Nigra (“Black Gate” in Latin) is especially popular for its excellent preservation and authentic ancient atmosphere. Located at the north entrance of the city walls, it was built in the late 2nd century by alternately stacking sandstone blocks. The gate measures about 30 meters high, 36 meters wide, and 22 meters deep.

Its greatest attraction is the terrace atop its tower. From the spiral staircase leading to the terrace, you can enjoy sweeping views of the Moselle River and Trier’s old town. It’s also the first major photo spot you encounter when exiting Trier Station, sure to heighten your excitement for the sightseeing ahead.

◎ Summary

We’ve introduced the Roman Monuments of Trier, along with the Cathedral of St. Peter and the Church of Our Lady, where ancient Roman and medieval ruins gather. Why not visit this World Heritage Site, where you can immerse yourself in the historic atmosphere and witness its remarkable ancient structures for yourself?

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[World Heritage] What are the Roman Monuments of Trier? | Introducing its magnificent cathedrals and churches