Introducing all 58 World Heritage Sites in Italy

As the nation with the most World Heritage Sites globally, Italy's rich history is evident in every corner. Its enduring legacy as the heart of the Roman Empire, combined with a deep-rooted appreciation for its cultural heritage, has resulted in a country brimming with UNESCO-protected treasures. From the bustling metropolises of Rome, Milan, Florence, Venice, and Naples, to the sun-drenched islands of Sicily and the rolling hills of Tuscany, Italy's World Heritage Sites offer a diverse and captivating journey through time. Each site tells a unique story, reflecting the region's distinct history, culture, and art.

In this article, we will introduce all 58 World Heritage Sites in Italy, so please use it as a reference.

Rock Paintings of Valcamonica (1979: Cultural Heritage)

In the Camonica Valley on the Orio River, which flows through the foothills of the Alps in northern Italy, lies the Valcamonica Rock Art Group, Italy's first registered World Heritage Site.

There are 140,000 carvings dating back 8,000 years, dating from 8000 BC. They depict a variety of images, including the lives of ancient people, farming, sailing, war, and writing from the Roman Empire.

"Val" is Italian for "valley." The World Heritage site of carvings in the Camonica Valley is evidence that an ancient culture that has now disappeared existed in Italy. They are scattered throughout the Camonica Valley, including Nakuane Rock Carvings National Park, Nadolo, and Ruine. Why not visit Italy's World Heritage sites that span from the Paleolithic to Neolithic periods?

Basilica of San Paolo fuori le mura (1980 and 1990: Cultural Heritage)

The area encompassing Rome and Vatican City is a UNESCO World Heritage site that represents the essence of Italy. Its greatest allure lies in the rich history that spans from 753 BC, when ancient Rome was said to be founded, to the height of the Roman Empire during the era known as the "Pax Romana." As you walk through this historical landscape, you’ll encounter numerous structures that are considered some of the oldest and largest in the world.

The historic district is filled with must-see attractions, including the Roman Forum, which was the heart of civic life, the Colosseum, where gladiators once fought fiercely, and the Baths of Caracalla, which could accommodate up to 1,600 people. You’ll also find impressive landmarks such as the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, the Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano, and the Basilica di San Paolo fuori le Mura, located about 4 km southwest. Take your time to explore these incredible UNESCO World Heritage sites and immerse yourself in the captivating history of Italy.

Santa Maria delle Grazie Church and Dominican Monastery (1980: Cultural Heritage)

In Milan, Italy, you can find "The Last Supper" painted by Leonardo da Vinci between 1495 and 1497. "The Last Supper" is a mural painted on the wall of the refectory of the Dominican monastery in the Church of Santa Maria delle Grazie, and is a World Heritage Site along with the church and monastery. While

fresco is common for murals, da Vinci painted this mural using tempera and one-point perspective. You can see in three dimensions the surprise and dismay of the 12 disciples who heard Christ's prophecy at the Last Supper, "One of these will betray me." Tempera painting is a technique that is vulnerable to high temperatures and humidity, so it was restored between 1977 and 1999. To see "The Last Supper," you can apply in advance online or take a tour.

The Leonardo da Vinci National Museum of Science and Technology, located about a 5-minute walk south from Santa Maria delle Grazie, can be visited on foot.

Historic Centre of Florence (1982: Cultural Heritage)

The historic district of Florence, the "City of Flowers," which still retains the splendor of the Renaissance, is also a World Heritage Site in Italy. The entire city is filled with art, boasting such beauty that it is called a "museum without a roof." You can experience a delicate and feminine atmosphere with narrow cobblestone streets where you can almost hear the sound of horses' hooves, and white walls with brick-colored roofs.

From the 14th to 16th centuries, the Renaissance, modeled on ancient Greek and Roman culture, flourished in Italy and other parts of Europe, centered around Florence, thanks to the powerful influence of the financial conglomerate Medici family. Michelangelo and Da Vinci also demonstrated their talents as geniuses in Italy. The last descendant of the Medici family willed his fortune to Florence and donated it to the government. At the Uffizi Gallery, located in the historic district of the World Heritage Site, you can see the art collections of the Medici family over the years.

Venice and its Lagoon (1987: Cultural Heritage)

Venice, known as the "City of Water" in Italy, has been registered as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, fully meeting all six criteria for cultural heritage designation. The city is characterized by its unique method of construction, where wooden piles are driven into the mud and topped with durable Istrian stone to create its foundations. Founded in the 5th century on the Adriatic Sea's lagoons, Venice became a hub for commerce and trade. Its tumultuous history includes forming alliances to expand power and experiencing cycles of independence.

The city has been influenced by Byzantine, Romanesque, Gothic styles, and Islamic culture. With approximately 150 canals and over 400 bridges, the stunning scenery of Venice is among the most captivating in Italy. Many tourists are drawn to this enchanting place from all over the world.

St. Mark's Square, which Napoleon hailed as the most beautiful in the world, and the bustling Rialto Bridge, lined with shops, are just a few of the popular UNESCO World Heritage sites in Italy. The various architectural styles of the buildings that line the Grand Canal also contribute to the beauty of this renowned destination.

Piazza del Duomo (1987: Cultural Heritage)

Famous as the "City of the Leaning Tower," Pisa in Italy is home to the lush UNESCO World Heritage Site, Piazza del Duomo.

The first thing that captures your attention is, of course, the world-famous Leaning Tower of Pisa! It is said that the tower was designed by the architect Bonanno Pisano, who was born in Pisa, although there are various theories and it is not definitively known. The Leaning Tower is an eight-story bell tower made of marble, and visitors can climb its spiral staircase to enjoy a panoramic view typical of Pisa.

The cathedral, considered the masterpiece of Pisan Romanesque architecture, features a stunning grand structure of white marble with rows of columns. The Piazza del Duomo, which offers a soothing green lawn, includes not only the cathedral but also the Leaning Tower, the Baptistery, and the Cemetery, forming a historical architectural ensemble. Tourists gather to capture the beauty of this World Heritage Site on camera.

Historic Centre of San Gimignano (1990: Cultural Heritage)

The historic district of San Gimignano is a UNESCO World Heritage Site that has been gaining popularity among tourists in Tuscany, a region known for its many World Heritage Sites. Once referred to as the "Town of Beautiful Towers" due to the 72 towers built by nobles in a display of prestige, 14 of these towers still stand today.

As you stroll along the cobblestone Via San Giovanni, you enter this walled historic district, which retains the charm of its medieval past. The town, which flourished in commerce and trade, was also a significant stop along the main pilgrimage routes to Rome. The Piazza del Duomo, surrounded by seven towers, is a breathtaking sight, and from the nearby ruins of the fortress, you can enjoy a panoramic view of all 14 towers. Additionally, there are delightful gelato shops to indulge in while exploring this captivating town.

Matera Sassi and the Park of the Rock Churches (1993: Cultural Heritage)

The "Cave Dwellings of Matera" is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in Southern Italy, characterized by cave homes that are built upon one another. The sight of the "Sassi," cave dwellings carved into the tuff rock of the Gravina Gorge, with estimates of 3,000 to 4,000 caves stacked in layers, is truly spectacular. The term "Sassi" means "rocks" in Italian, and this unique landscape is a rare find in Italy, deserving of its World Heritage status.

In this remarkable construction, the roofs of the lower houses serve as the floors of the upper houses, providing natural insulation that keeps them cool in the summer and warm in the winter. The site has been recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site due to its advanced water supply systems and rich cultural heritage. Additionally, visitors can explore historic churches that symbolize the history of Christian believers who sought refuge from Islamic persecution, featuring interior walls adorned with Byzantine frescoes.

Palladian Villas in Italy (1994, 1996: Cultural Heritage)

Vicenza is a UNESCO World Heritage Site dotted with palaces designed by the genius Italian Renaissance architect Andrea Palladio. The city flourished under the rule of the Venetian Republic from the 15th to the 18th centuries, and walking through its streets, one can truly feel the wealth that medieval citizens enjoyed.

This World Heritage Site reveals the determination of Palladio and his disciples to compete with Venice in the realm of architecture, as they dedicated themselves to creating magnificent palaces. The classical Roman architectural styles and the incorporation of columns in the façades are characteristics of the Palladian style, contributing to Vicenza's beautiful historical landscape.

Notable sites include not only the palatial residences but also the Basilica Palladiana and the Teatro Olimpico, which are must-see attractions. Visit Vicenza, a city that boasts the elegance and refined palatial architecture of the Renaissance period, and immerse yourself in its charm.

Historic Centre of Siena (1995: Cultural Heritage)

Siena, which once engaged in a power struggle with Florence and the broader Tuscany region, also focused on urban planning, leading to its designation as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

At the heart of the city lies Piazza del Campo, home to the Fonte Gaia. This fan-shaped square, often referred to as "the most beautiful square in the world" due to its sloping shell-like design, is renowned for hosting the traditional district horse race known as the "Palio." During this event, flags representing different districts, featuring symbols like owls and eagles, are proudly displayed throughout the streets, creating an electrifying atmosphere that engages the entire city.

The Siena Cathedral is a beautiful example of Gothic architecture. Its associated museum and the National Picture Gallery, which is a culmination of Sienese paintings, are also worth visiting.

From the brick bell tower known as Torre del Mangia, located on the eastern side of Piazza del Campo, the view overlooking the UNESCO World Heritage city of Siena is breathtakingly beautiful. The entire city, made of magnificent stone structures, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is one of the must-visit tourist destinations in Italy.

Historic Center of Naples (1995: Cultural Heritage)

Naples, located in southern Italy, sprawls across hills overlooking the azure Bay of Naples and Mount Vesuvius. Founded as a Greek colony around 470 BC, it is also famous for its Italian Neapolitan pizza.

The city's architecture, which dates back to ancient Roman times, is rich in history and charm, making it a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Notable attractions include the Castel dell'Ovo on the small island in Santa Lucia Harbor, the Royal Palace that played a significant role in Naples' history, and the Nuovo Castle, often referred to as a triumphal arch. The historic district, infused with the local character of Naples and influences from French and Spanish cultures, is a must-see.

With breathtaking views of the beautiful Bay of Naples, numerous UNESCO World Heritage buildings, and one of the world's three great night views, you'll want to fully enjoy this extraordinary city, often said, "See Naples and die."

Name: Historic Centre of Naples
Address: Via Eldorado, 3, 80132 Napoli NA, Italy, and surrounding areas

Crespi d'Adda (1995: Cultural Heritage)

The Industrial Revolution, which began in England at the end of the 18th century, spread to Italy and led to the creation of the remarkable UNESCO World Heritage site known as Crespi d'Adda. This company town was built by the enlightened entrepreneur Cristoforo Benigno Crespi for the workers and their families employed at his factory. It is located along the Adda River in northern Italy, between Milan and Bergamo.

Crespi d'Adda exudes a different atmosphere compared to other Italian World Heritage sites, offering a beautiful landscape that can be considered a dream utopia for workers.

The geometrically designed town includes not only housing but also schools, hospitals, churches, and even a cemetery. Today, the remnants of factories and buildings remain, allowing visitors to experience the historical scenery as it was during that era, making it a significant UNESCO World Heritage site in Italy.

Ferrara: Renaissance City and the Po Delta (1995, 1999: Cultural Heritage)

Ferrara is located approximately midway between Venice and Florence. The Renaissance urban area, which was developed by the Este family, is also recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Situated near the southern tributaries of the Po River, Ferrara became a cultural center for Renaissance culture in Italy. During the 14th to 16th centuries, the Este family served as patrons, fostering the talents of artists like Piero della Francesca and Andrea Mantegna, which contributed to the beautiful urban landscape we see today.

The highlights of this World Heritage Site include its artificially crafted beauty based on calculated urban planning. The use of perspective creates a fascinating sensation of depth when viewing the buildings from the wide streets. The orderly streets lined with red-brick buildings embody the charm of the Renaissance, showcasing the ideal city envisioned during that era—an exceptional landscape unique to Italy's World Heritage Sites.

Name: Ferrara, City of the Renaissance, and its Po Delta
Address: Ferrara FE, Italy

Del Monte Castle (1996: Cultural Heritage)

One of the World Heritage Sites in Italy features an interesting octagonal-shaped castle. **Castel del Monte** (Castle of the Mount) was built in the 13th century during the Crusades by Frederick II, who ruled southern Italy, in preparation for battles against the Turks. This castle played a significant role not only in the religious conflicts of the Crusades but also in the commercial power struggles over the Mediterranean.

At that time, around 200 castles were constructed along the coast of Puglia. However, Castel del Monte stands out as the only octagonal castle among them. Its Renaissance-inspired symmetrical beauty, constructed from yellowish-brown stone, is a must-see. Interestingly, this castle is also depicted on the reverse side of the Italian 1 euro cent coin, so why not bring a 1 euro cent coin with you when you visit this World Heritage Site?

The Trulli of Alberobello (1996: Cultural Heritage)

Located in southeastern Italy, **Alberobello** is a famous UNESCO World Heritage Site known for its charming streets lined with adorable houses called **trulli**. The entire landscape feels like stepping into a fairy tale, making it a remarkable site.

Trulli are circular houses unique to the Apulia region in southern Italy. They are constructed using a prehistoric building method, where walls are made of limestone blocks stacked on top of each other and coated with white lime plaster. The roofs are simple, made of flat stones. Interestingly, houses with decorated roofs were subject to taxation, so locals would reportedly remove the roofs when officials came to avoid the tax, claiming the structures were not houses. This history of trulli being built for tax evasion adds a fascinating episode to this World Heritage Site.

Today, around 1,000 trulli still have residents, and you'll find souvenir shops and restaurants within them. The night view is also stunning, making it a great idea to spend a night in Alberobello during your travels in Italy. After a rain, the glistening cobblestones under the night sky are particularly enchanting!

Early Christian Monuments of Ravenna (1996: Cultural Heritage)

The "Early Christian Monuments of Ravenna" is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located south of Venice, renowned for its rich history and artistic techniques.

Facing the Adriatic Sea, Ravenna was once the capital of the Western Roman Empire and became a central city in Italy under the control of the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantium) in the 6th century. During this period, the unique mosaic technique of Ravenna, characterized by pieces of colored glass, was perfected. The early Christian architecture adorned with these mosaics has been well-preserved.

While the exteriors of these structures may appear quite simple, stepping inside reveals a stunning display of vibrant Byzantine mosaics, making it an enchanting World Heritage Site. This site has gained recognition not only in Italy but also internationally for its colorful Byzantine-style mosaics.

Historic Centre of the City of Pienza (1996: Cultural Heritage)

Pienza is a town located in the central-western part of Italy, in the Tuscany region. The historic center of Pienza, which still remains today, has been designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Pope Pius II commissioned architect Bernardo Rossellino to transform his hometown into an ideal Renaissance city. As a result, numerous Renaissance-style churches, palaces, and a cathedral were constructed. When visiting this UNESCO World Heritage Site, be sure to enjoy the stunning views from the elevated town of Pienza as well.

Vanvitelli Aqueduct and San Leucio Complex (1997: Cultural Heritage)

Set in a vast expanse of greenery, this UNESCO World Heritage Site features a palace and beautiful water displays. Built in 1752, the palace was modeled after the Palace of Versailles in France and is often referred to as the "Versailles of Italy." It boasts a grand 18th-century architectural style with over 1,200 rooms, making it a remarkable testament to its era, along with its stunning gardens.

The lavish decorations, created with great opulence, are a must-see. From the balcony of the cupola, one can glimpse the lifestyle of Italian nobility, where concerts were once held for kings and guests.

The magnificent gardens stretch for 3 kilometers from the palace and include impressive waterfalls and elegantly sculpted fountains. Strolling along the pathways allows visitors to immerse themselves in the Italian ambiance. Although this UNESCO World Heritage Site may be less familiar to Japanese enthusiasts of Italy, it is conveniently located near Naples, making it a worthwhile visit.

Royal Residences of the House of Savoy (1997: Cultural Heritage)

In the late 16th century, Turin became the capital of the Duchy of Savoy, leading to the construction of numerous palaces and gardens around Castello Square and the city center. This UNESCO World Heritage Site not only showcases elegant palaces but also serves as a fortress. The historical buildings designed by prominent architects of the time narrate the grandeur of the House of Savoy, which became the royal family of Italy after the unification of the country.

The Royal Palace and its gardens, along with other notable structures such as the Palazzo Madama, the Palazzo Carignano, and the Palazzo Stupinigi, all exude grandeur and luxury, captivating visitors with their charm. Why not visit this UNESCO World Heritage Site that celebrates the remarkable legacy of the House of Savoy, who unified Italy and established Turin as its capital?

Botanical Garden of Padua (1997: Cultural Heritage)

Founded in 1545, the Botanical Garden of Padua is considered the oldest in the world and is affiliated with the University of Padua, which is the second oldest university in Italy, following the University of Bologna. The garden was established for research purposes and is now recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The garden features many of its original plants and includes the oldest palm tree, which was planted in 1585. It is also known for being the first place in Europe to cultivate sunflowers and the first in Italy to grow potatoes. Today, it continues to serve as a facility for research in botany, medicine, and pharmacology. Visitors can join guided tours to explore the garden further.

Portovenere and Cinque Terre (1997: Cultural Heritage)

The rugged cliffs between Portovenere and the Cinque Terre along the Ligurian Sea in northwestern Italy, along with the surrounding islands of Palmaria, Tino, and Tinetto, are collectively recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Portovenere is a stunning town known for its beautiful views and the Church of St. Peter. Cinque Terre, which means "five lands" in Italian, refers to the five villages of Monterosso, Vernazza, Corniglia, Manarola, and Riomaggiore, which were established around the 11th century as fortified settlements.

The only way to access these villages is by boat. The inhabitants of this once-isolated area have thrived despite the challenging natural environment. Each village has its own unique culture, making it an ideal place to glimpse their distinctive ways of life. Experiencing the daily lives of these small Italian villages while being caressed by the pleasant sea breeze is truly a wonderful experience.

Modena Cathedral, Torre Civica and Piazza Grande (1997: Cultural Heritage)

In Modena, Italy, the Cathedral, the Civic Tower, and the Piazza Grande are recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, showcasing the development of the free cities of medieval Italy. The Cathedral, which began construction in 1099 by the renowned architect Lanfranco and sculptor Wiligelmo, was completed in the 12th century and is a representative example of early Romanesque architecture in Europe. It is hailed as a masterpiece from the early 12th century.

The walls of the Cathedral feature unique and humorous Romanesque reliefs. Don’t miss the relief above the doors, which depicts scenes from the "Book of Genesis" in a narrative style. The Civic Tower, also known as the Ghirlandina Tower, stands beside the Cathedral as a landmark of Modena. Completed in 1179, this marble bell tower reaches a height of approximately 87 meters. The views from this UNESCO World Heritage tower are absolutely breathtaking.

Archaeological Areas of Pompeii, Herculaneum and Torre Annunziata (1997: Cultural Heritage)

The wealthy commercial city of Pompeii in Italy famously became a city of death, buried under volcanic ash in just 19 hours due to the catastrophic eruption of Mount Vesuvius—a reality so well-known it has even been made into movies. Because the city was instantly covered in ash, it has been remarkably preserved, allowing us to witness the entire area as it was at the time, leading to its designation as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The nearby archaeological site of Herculaneum, once a resort destination, is also well-preserved. Wealthy merchants' houses feature stunning mosaics and even graffiti, giving visitors a unique opportunity to feel as if they have time-traveled back to the first century. Why not visit this ancient city, a UNESCO World Heritage Site that was wiped from existence in an instant by a volcanic eruption that truly occurred in Italy?

Amalfi Coast (1997: Cultural Heritage)

The Amalfi Coast is a jewel-like medieval maritime republic located in southern Italy, renowned for its stunning coastline and beautiful scenery, earning it a spot as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The approximately 40 km stretch of coastline facing the Mediterranean, from Sorrento to Salerno, is varied and captivating, with the brilliance of the blue sky and deep blue sea creating breathtaking views that are hard to put into words. The coast has gained popularity in Japan, especially since it was featured in movie titles.

Designated as "one of the most beautiful coastlines in the world," the UNESCO-listed coastline is home to luxury resorts. The stunning sea views and houses perched on dramatic cliffs resemble works of art and are a must-see! Numerous legends have emerged, symbolizing this beauty. Driving along the winding, narrow roads along the cliffs provides a thrilling experience, reminiscent of a roller coaster ride.

Archaeological Area of Agrigento (1997: Cultural Heritage)

Agrigento, a small town on the Italian island of Sicily, is famous for being praised by the great Greek lyric poet Pindar as "the most beautiful in the world." The "Valley of the Temples," which features about 20 ancient Doric temples remaining over a stretch of approximately 1 km, is one of Italy's most renowned tourist attractions and has been designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Among these temples, the Temple of Concordia, with its 34 columns remarkably well-preserved, stands as a symbol of Agrigento. It is noted for its excellent condition and is considered the most complete temple after the Parthenon in Athens. The archaeological area of Agrigento is a fascinating world heritage site, rich in ancient Italian ruins and offers numerous highlights for visitors.

Villa Romana del Casale (1997: Cultural Heritage)

The Villa Romana del Casale, located in Piazza Armerina in central Sicily, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site registered in 1997. This luxurious villa was built by a local noble during the Roman Empire as a country residence.

The primary reason for its designation as a World Heritage Site is the extraordinary mosaics that adorn its floors, considered some of the finest from ancient Rome. With over 40 rooms and corridors showcasing these impressive mosaics, the site offers a grand and high-quality visual experience that often appears in textbooks.

The mosaics, influenced by North African art, depict various scenes, including animals, figures from Greek mythology, and women in bikinis, showcasing their artistic value. Additionally, the columns remaining in the building are also intricately carved, so be sure not to miss these details.

Moreover, it is believed that the villa served not only as a private residence but also fulfilled public functions, such as being an administrative center. This UNESCO World Heritage Site, steeped in ancient Roman history, is sure to ignite the imagination.

Su Nuraxi di Barumini (1997: Cultural Heritage)

The UNESCO World Heritage Site "Su Nuraxi di Barumini," located on the island of Sardinia in Italy, is a prehistoric archaeological site. Dating back to the 1st millennium BC, it is characterized by unique fortifications built with massive stones stacked high on hills and elevated locations. Approximately 7,000 conical tower ruins, known as nuraghes, remain scattered across the landscape.

Visitors can explore the site through guided tours, and from the final observation point, you can enjoy views of the gently rolling greenery and the nuraghes. It’s a wonderful experience to visit this ancient site, believed to be part of a highly developed civilization, and let your imagination wander through the history of Italy’s remarkable past.

Archaeological Area and Patriarchal Basilica of Aquileia (1998: Cultural Heritage)

Aquileia, located in the northeastern part of Italy, was established as a colony by the ancient Romans in 181 BC, near the Adriatic Sea. It became the fourth commercial city built by the Roman Empire, showcasing a rich history as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. During the early Roman Empire, a patriarch was established here, and the population reached 200,000, earning it the nickname "Second Rome." However, it was destroyed by the Huns in the 5th century.

One of the main attractions of this World Heritage Site is the stunning mosaic floor of the Patriarchal Basilica, created in the 4th century. The beauty of the mosaic is so remarkable that it leaves visitors in awe.

When you visit the Patriarchal Basilica, you can sense the significance of Aquileia as a crucial hub for the trade of amber from the East and as an important center for Christian evangelism in ancient Italy. The site also features a reconstructed building known as the Foro Romano, dating back to the 1st century BC, evoking a sense of nostalgia for the Roman era.

Historic Centre of Urbino (1998: Cultural Heritage)

Urbino is an ancient city located in the Marche region of central Italy. It was the birthplace of the master painter Raphael and the great Renaissance architect Bramante, flourishing as a center of artistic culture in the 15th century. During the reign of Federico, the city attracted artists from across Italy and Europe under a policy of cultural patronage, and this UNESCO World Heritage Site still retains traces of the flourishing Renaissance.

The Ducal Palace, which served as the court of Montefeltro, is the main attraction in the historical district of this World Heritage Site. Its impressive twin-columned towers showcase elements of Renaissance style, with remnants of Gothic architecture also visible. The palace houses the National Gallery of Marche, displaying works by Raphael and other masters of the Italian Renaissance.

Urbino is also home to Raphael's birthplace. Be sure to visit this UNESCO World Heritage Site to experience the city where the Renaissance blossomed.

Val di Diano National Park (1998: Cultural Heritage)

In the Campania region of Italy, a vast area encompassing the Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The archaeological site of Paestum, founded in the 6th century BC, features three Greek temples: the Temple of Ceres, the Temple of Poseidon, and the Basilica, as well as city walls and remnants of public baths. This World Heritage Site is characterized by its harmonious blend of nature and ancient ruins. As you stroll through the area, you'll experience the unique tranquility of Southern Italy along with the romance of its ancient heritage.

The National Archaeological Museum houses artifacts excavated from the site, including valuable frescoes from the 5th century BC found inside sarcophagi.

At the foot of the Diano Valley lies the Carthusian Monastery, known as the San Lorenzo Monastery, which was built between the 14th and 18th centuries. This impressive Baroque monastery boasts the largest cloister in Southern Italy, with 84 columns, making it a must-see!

Villa Adriana (1999: Cultural Heritage)

The expansive ruins of the villa built by Roman Emperor Hadrian II, featured in the movie "Thermae Romae," are a remarkable UNESCO World Heritage site. Emperor Hadrian II left behind many architectural wonders across the empire, with the "Villa Adriana (Tivoli)" in Italy being one of them.

Despite being a villa, it boasts impressive walls that enclose barracks, three public baths, a theater, and several palaces, showcasing the grandeur of the Roman Empire at its peak. Situated on a hillside, this former retreat offers a serene atmosphere where you can experience the gentle breeze of Italy.

Aeolian Islands (2000: Natural Heritage Site)

The Aeolian Islands are a group of seven volcanic islands located north of Sicily in the Tyrrhenian Sea. They were designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2000 for their outstanding representation of significant stages in Earth's history.

Lipari is the largest and most central island among the Aeolian Islands. It serves as a hub for tourism, offering hotels and restaurants for visitors.

To the south of Lipari lies Vulcano, the third largest island, which is closest to Sicily and is known for having four volcanoes. The island's name is the origin of the word "vulcano" (volcano).

Since around 1890, there have been no significant eruptions, and the island remains in a state of relative calm. However, it still exudes a strong sulfur smell, giving it the quintessential volcanic island atmosphere. Visitors can enjoy natural mud baths and warm sea bathing spots where hot springs emerge from the seabed, so be sure to bring your swimwear when you visit!

To the northeast is Stromboli, an active volcano that continues to erupt. It attracts numerous tourists from around the world drawn to its volcanic activity.

While we've highlighted three representative islands, the Aeolian Islands each have unique characteristics. This World Heritage site allows you to feel the Earth's energy while enjoying its stunning blue seas, rich wildlife, and natural beauty.

City of Verona (2000: Cultural Heritage)

Verona, famous as the setting for Shakespeare's classic "Romeo and Juliet," is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in northern Italy, known for its well-preserved Roman ruins. One of the most popular attractions is "Juliet's House." The picturesque streets lined with ancient red-roofed houses along the Adige River reflect a rich history that spans from Roman times to the Middle Ages and beyond.

Founded as a Roman colony in 89 BC, Verona flourished until the 13th century when fierce conflicts erupted between the Guelphs (Pope's supporters) and Ghibellines (Emperor's supporters). These struggles came to an end under the rule of the della Scala family, leading to the development of beautiful squares like Piazza Bra and many magnificent buildings and churches that characterize Verona’s landscape.

Key historical sites include the Roman amphitheater and the Ponte Pietra bridge, which provide a glimpse into the city's storied past. Verona is also known as a summer destination for outdoor opera performances, so if you visit during the summer, be sure to enjoy a captivating opera while immersing yourself in the Italian cultural experience.

The Basilica of St. Francis and Associated Sites (2000: Cultural Heritage)

Assisi, a small town located on the slopes of Mount Subasio in central Italy at an elevation of about 1,300 meters, is renowned as the birthplace of St. Francis, the founder of the Franciscan Order. Surrounded by lush greenery, this UNESCO World Heritage Site is known for its serene beauty.

The Basilica of San Francesco is particularly majestic. The upper church is characterized by its bright atmosphere, and the stunning frescoes by the master Giotto, depicting "The Life of St. Francis," are a must-see. The basilica features 28 enormous frescoes, each measuring about 8 tatami mats in size, that beautifully illustrate the life of St. Francis. Additionally, the chapel walls are adorned with twelve frescoes titled "The Life of St. Martin," painted by the Italian Gothic artist Simone Martini.

The town of Assisi offers breathtaking views from the hills of olive trees, overlooking the verdant plains that stretch out around it. It is not only famous for the teachings of St. Francis but also as a pilgrimage site, celebrated for its remarkable religious architecture and cultural significance as an Italian World Heritage Site.

Villa d'Este in Tivoli (2001: Cultural Heritage)

The "Villa d'Este" in Tivoli, located in the suburbs of Rome, is a building that was transformed from a Benedictine monastery into a luxurious villa. It is renowned for its remarkable fountains and gardens, exemplifying the late Renaissance style, and is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The villa features over 500 fountains of various sizes, including the iconic Organ Fountain and miniature replicas of famous Roman landmarks like the Rometta Fountain. These beautifully landscaped gardens are celebrated for their stunning beauty, often regarded as some of the finest in Italy. Particularly enchanting are the summer nights when the gardens are illuminated, creating a magical atmosphere.

In the surrounding area, Tivoli was once a prestigious resort destination for the upper class in Italy, where Roman emperors and nobles built their villas. Inside the villa, visitors can also enjoy frescoes and exquisite furniture on display. It’s a perfect destination for those looking to experience Italy's soothing ambiance while strolling through the beautiful fountains, making it an exceptional UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Late Baroque Towns of the Val di Noto (2002: Cultural Heritage)

The eight towns of late Baroque style located in the southeastern part of Sicily are recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site under the name "Late Baroque Towns of the Val di Noto."

The towns included in this World Heritage designation are Noto, Militello in Val di Catania, Catania, Ragusa, Carlentini, Modica, Palazzolo Acreide, and Scicli. These towns were devastated by a major earthquake in 1693 but were rebuilt according to late Baroque urban planning principles. By the 18th century, they had been reconstructed into stunning examples of architecture and art.

With numerous attractions such as churches, noble residences, and sculptures, these Baroque towns have transformed into captivating sites of Italy's cultural heritage. Their beautiful landscapes continue to charm not only Italians but also visitors from around the world.

Sacri Monti of Piedmont and Lombardy (2003: Cultural Heritage)

Between the 15th and 16th centuries, many chapels and sanctuaries were built in the regions of Piedmont and Lombardy in northern Italy. During this time, Jerusalem, a Christian holy site, was under Islamic control, making pilgrimage there impossible. As a substitute for the pilgrimage to Jerusalem, the Sacri Monti (Sacred Mountains) were constructed. This initiative began around 1480 in Varallo, leading to the establishment of a total of eight small towns known as "comuni," each featuring its own Sacred Mountain.

These religious buildings, quietly nestled within Italy's magnificent natural landscapes, harmoniously blend with the surrounding lakes, hills, and forests, enveloped in a beautiful and mystical aura. In 2003, UNESCO designated nine Sacri Monti as a World Heritage Site under the name "Sacri Monti of Piedmont and Lombardy." The sites include churches, fountains, and wells, and the interiors feature remarkable religious paintings and sculptures that are not to be missed. This World Heritage Site has also become a popular pilgrimage destination in Italy.

Val d'Orcia (2004: Cultural Heritage)

The gently rolling hills, lined with cypress trees, create a breathtaking landscape that embodies the essence of Tuscany, making the Orcia Valley (Val d'Orcia) one of Italy’s most popular World Heritage Sites. This area features picturesque scenery that looks like a painting, along with medieval towns and pastoral landscapes that have inspired artists since the Renaissance.

Historically, this land was once barren and unsuitable for agriculture. However, after Siena became a territory in the struggle for dominance with Florence, soil improvement efforts began, allowing for the cultivation of grapes and olives. In an effort to preserve its natural beauty, this region was protected and designated as a World Heritage Site.

We invite you to visit this Italian World Heritage Site, where the refreshing breeze flows, and take some time to be rejuvenated by the beautiful landscapes crafted by human hands.

Etruscan Cities of Cerveteri and Tarquinia (2004: Cultural Heritage)

Located in the central-western part of the Italian peninsula, this UNESCO World Heritage Site boasts the largest necropolis in the Mediterranean. The Etruscans were city-states that thrived from the 9th century BC to the 1st century BC through trade. They possessed a highly developed civilization and excelled in funerary art. In 2004, the Banditaccia necropolis near Cerveteri and the Monterozzi necropolis near Tarquinia were designated as cultural heritage sites, known collectively as the "Necropolises" of the Etruscans.

The Banditaccia necropolis spans an area of 4 million square meters on a small hill and contains approximately 1,200 tombs. These tombs were constructed over roughly 800 years, from around the 9th century BC to the 1st century BC, for the elite. The burial mounds display two styles: cubic and circular, and each tomb features multiple chambers, including a burial chamber and passageways. Highlights include reliefs, frescoes, and bas-reliefs from the 4th century BC.

The Monterozzi necropolis contains over 6,000 tombs. Both necropolises represent the remarkable burial sites of Italy and are adorned with captivating frescoes. Be sure to visit these cultural remnants left by the Etruscans.

Syracuse and the Rocky Necropolis of Pantalica (2005: Cultural Heritage)

The "Archaeological Site of Syracuse and the Rock Necropolis of Pantalica" is a historical UNESCO World Heritage Site located in the southeastern part of Sicily. Syracuse began as a Greek colony around the 8th century BC. It is known as the birthplace of Archimedes and is famous for being the setting of Osamu Dazai's novel *Run, Melos!*

Syracuse is rich in ancient ruins, including the Temple of Apollo, the Fountain of Arethusa, the Greek Theater, and the Roman amphitheater. Today, it has transformed into a resort destination, attracting tourists from around the world with its numerous hotels and restaurants. In the Duomo Square, visitors can find many highlights, such as the Duomo, which incorporates the ruins of the Temple of Apollo that was converted into a church, and the Church of Santa Lucia. There are also plenty of restaurants in the area, so take your time to explore.

Located in the western inland part of Syracuse, Pantalica offers a glimpse into Sicily's prehistoric past as a thriving center. The necropolis features a unique landscape with over 5,000 tombs carved into the rock, resembling caves. Be sure to visit this UNESCO World Heritage Site, where you can physically experience the legacy of Mediterranean civilization.

Name: Syracuse and the Rocky Necropolis of Pantalica
Address: Necropoli di Pantalica, 96010 Sortino SR, Italy, and other locations

Palazzo dei Rolli, a World Heritage Site in Italy (2006: Cultural Heritage)

On the western side of the Italian peninsula, facing the Ligurian Sea, lies Genoa, a city that flourished in finance and commerce. The "Strade Nuove (New Streets)" and the "Palazzi dei Rolli (Registered Palaces)" have been designated as UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

The Palazzi dei Rolli consists of over 40 luxurious mansions built by Genoese merchants who became nobility. It is rare to find such a collection of grand residences from the Renaissance period remaining intact in Italy. In this area, visitors can also learn about the unique hospitality system established by the nobility. Genoa, the largest port city in Italy, thrived as a maritime power until the Middle Ages and then transformed into a financial hub from the 16th century onwards, showcasing its remarkable historical evolution.

Mantova and Sabbioneta (2008: Cultural Heritage)

The historic towns of Mantova and Sabbioneta in the Lombardy region of northern Italy were designated as UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 2008.

These towns, which have a rich history dating back to ancient Roman times, were expanded and developed through the Baroque and Renaissance periods under the Gonzaga family. The entire area of these two towns exemplifies excellent urban planning and cutting-edge architectural techniques of their time.

In Mantova, situated by Lake Superiore, a collection of Renaissance buildings has been recognized as a World Heritage Site. The interior of the Ducal Palace has been converted into a museum, where visitors can admire beautiful frescoes and paintings in each room.

Sabbioneta is characterized by its hexagram-shaped walls, resembling a six-pointed star. It is located approximately 30 kilometers southwest of Mantova. Notable attractions include the Ducal Palace, gardens, the Church of Incoronata, and an ancient theater, all contributing to its charming Italian urban landscape.

Rhaetian Railway Albula Line, Bernina Line and Surrounding Landscapes (2008: Cultural Heritage)

The Rhaetian Railway is a transboundary UNESCO World Heritage Site shared by Switzerland and Italy. It runs through the Graubünden region of Switzerland and the Sondrio province in Lombardy, Italy. This railway, the largest private railway in Switzerland, boasts a history of over 100 years and was recognized as a World Heritage Site for its engineering achievements and the stunning landscapes visible from the trains, all built without damaging the natural environment of the Alps.

The Rhaetian Railway is notable for its striking red train cars. When passing through picturesque spots, such as the Landwasser Viaduct on the Albula Line, the train slows down, allowing passengers to capture beautiful photographs.

On the Bernina Line, travelers can experience close-up views of the highest peak in the Alps, Piz Bernina, as well as glaciers and the shores of Lake Bianco. The line continues from the highest railway station in Europe, the Ospizio Bernina, running over the Brusio Loop Bridge and down to Tirano in Italy.

The railway technology used by the Rhaetian Railway also served as a model for Japan's Hakone Tozan Railway. Proud of its history and traditions, the Rhaetian Railway offers breathtaking views of glaciers and Alpine villages. Enjoy a scenic train journey from Switzerland to Italy on this remarkable World Heritage Site.

Dolomites (2009: Natural Heritage)

In northeastern Italy, the Dolomite Mountains, towering at over 3,000 meters, are also a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Known as "Dolomiti" in Italian, this area is a popular tourist destination in Japan.

The nine designated regions of this World Heritage Site feature stunning landscapes, including spire-like peaks, rock walls, glaciers, and karst terrains, making it one of Europe's most scenic locations. The rugged reddish-brown rock faces are distinctive, and from the cable cars and lifts, visitors can enjoy views extending to the Austrian Alps.

Sparkling lakes surrounded by mountains, such as Lake Carezza and Lake Misurina—often referred to as the "Pearl of the Dolomites"—offer breathtaking sights! Experience the powerful beauty of the Dolomites, which is different from the graceful Swiss Alps, and consider trekking through this World Natural Heritage Site in Italy.

Mount San Giorgio (2010: Natural Heritage Site)

Mount San Giorgio, a natural heritage site shared by Switzerland and Italy, rises to an elevation of 1,096 meters above Lake Lugano. This mountain is unique in the world for its discovery of over 10,000 fossils of reptiles, fish, and dinosaurs, dating back around 250 million years. Due to its significance as a site for studying such ancient history, it has been designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Mount San Giorgio features well-maintained hiking trails. There are routes ranging from a challenging four-hour climb to more accessible two-hour paths, making it easy to enjoy fossil hunting along the way. The views from the summit are breathtaking and are comparable to the beauty of the World Heritage Site itself.

The Lombards in Italy: In the Footsteps of Power (568-774) (2011: Cultural Heritage)

This UNESCO World Heritage Site consists of the remains of the Lombard civilization located across seven sites in Italy. The powerful Lombard Kingdom invaded from Northern Europe in the 6th century and developed a unique culture based on the Italian peninsula. Although it was overthrown by Charlemagne in 774, the historical buildings in this site symbolize the Lombards’ rule over Italy from 568 to 774.

The sites feature a blend of Roman architecture, Catholic architecture, Byzantine architecture, and Germanic cultural influences, including fortresses, churches, and monasteries. They provide insight into the transition of architectural styles from ancient to medieval times. The Lombards, primarily a religious force, played a significant role in establishing the spiritual and cultural foundations of Christianity in medieval Europe, and this World Heritage Site preserves their legacy.

The World Heritage designation includes seven structures and archaeological sites from the Lombard period that are located in the territories of the Lombard Kingdom, the Duchy of Spoleto, and the Duchy of Benevento, scattered throughout Italy.

Name: The Longobards in Italy. Places of the Power (568-774 A.D.)
Address: Via Reale Basilica, 127, 71037 Monte Sant'Angelo FG, Italy, and other locations

Prehistoric Pile Dwellings in the Alps (2011: Natural Heritage)

This UNESCO World Heritage Site spans across six countries (Italy, Austria, France, Germany, Switzerland, and Slovenia) in the Alpine region.

The heritage site consists of a total of 111 locations, which are the remnants of pile dwellings constructed around wetlands, lakes, and rivers from approximately 5000 BC to 500 BC in the Alpine area. In Italy, there are 19 sites located in the northern part of the country that are part of this World Heritage designation.

Among the six countries, the pile dwellings in Italy are the oldest, with the houses along the shores of Lake Varese believed to have been built during the Neolithic period. These structures are characterized by being raised on stilts above the water, designed to avoid flooding and to provide protection from potential conflicts. This World Heritage Site was discovered during a severe drought in 1853-1854, and currently, 37% of the sites remain submerged, while 30% are partially inundated.

Name: Prehistoric Pile Dwellings around the Alps
Address: Provincia di Varese, Italy, and other locations

Medici Villas and Gardens in Tuscany (2013: Cultural Heritage)

This UNESCO World Heritage Site consists of 14 locations, including 12 villas and 2 gardens built by the Medici family, located in the outskirts of Florence, central Italy. Renowned for the flourishing of the Renaissance, Florence showcases a remarkable harmony between these Renaissance villas and the surrounding landscape, captivating visitors.

The villas serve as models for modern European countryside estates and convey the essence of what a noble villa should be. While not widely known among Japanese travelers, this World Heritage Site offers a chance to experience the unique beauty of the Tuscan countryside alongside the magnificent architecture of the wealthy Medici family.

Mount Etna (2013: Natural Heritage Site)

Mount Etna, located on the island of Sicily, is the largest active stratovolcano in Europe, standing at an elevation of approximately 3,300 meters. It was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2013. It is believed that volcanic activity at Mount Etna began around 2,700 years ago, and the volcano has been continuously active for about 500,000 years.

At Mount Etna, visitors can experience natural wonders such as craters near the summit and over 250 lava caves formed by volcanic activity. At an elevation of around 2,000 meters, there are mysterious ice caves that remain frozen even in summer. It is said that this ice is the origin of the popular dessert known as granita. Although Mount Etna is an active volcano, its foothills are adorned with orchards and vineyards, showcasing the region's rich agricultural landscape.

Langhe, Roero and Monferrato (2014: Cultural Heritage)

The "Vineyard Landscapes of Piedmont" was registered as Italy's 50th World Heritage Site in 2014. The Po River and Tanaro River valleys in southern Piedmont are renowned for producing delicious wines. Among them are Italy's iconic wines, such as Barolo, known as the king of wines, and Barbaresco, celebrated as the queen of wines.

The carefully tended vineyards that stretch across the gently rolling hills create a breathtaking landscape that truly deserves its World Heritage status.

The local grape variety, Nebbiolo, derives its name from the Italian word "nebbia," meaning "fog," reflecting the appearance of the grapes covered in a fine white powder resembling mist. The vineyards enveloped in morning fog create a magical atmosphere. This World Heritage Site allows visitors to immerse themselves in the winemaking tradition that has been thriving in Italy since the 5th century BC.

Norman Palermo and the Cathedrals of Cefalù and Monreale (2015: Cultural Heritage)

This is a new Italian World Heritage Site registered in 2015. Located in the northern part of Sicily, Palermo is a city that retains a rich exotic atmosphere, showcasing a blend of different religions and cultures, including Islamic, Byzantine, and Jewish influences, where various ethnic groups coexist.

The area flourished during the reign of the Norman kingdom, particularly between 1130 and 1194, when Roger I, a knight from the Viking lineage, conquered Sicily. Nine remarkably preserved buildings from this era have been recognized as a World Heritage Site. These sites reflect the diverse religions and cultures that thrived during the Viking-influenced period in Southern Italy. Be sure to visit this World Heritage Site to experience the historical richness of Palermo!

Ivrea, 20th Century Industrial City (2018: Cultural Heritage)

Ivrea, a city located in northern Italy, is known for its unique 'Battle of the Oranges' festival where participants throw oranges at each other. It's also famous as the birthplace of Olivetti, a company that once manufactured and sold typewriters.
Recognized as a model industrial city of the 20th century, 27 structures, including factories, housing, and related facilities centered around the Olivetti plant, were registered as cultural heritage sites in 2018.

Prosecco Hills of Conegliano and Valdobbiadene (2019: Cultural Heritage)

The Prosecco Hills of Conegliano and Valdobbiadene are renowned for producing sparkling wines made primarily from the Glera grape. This specific type of Prosecco, known as "Prosecco di Conegliano Valdobbiadene", holds the highest designation of D.O.C.G. in Italy's protected designation of origin system.
Recognized for their centuries-long tradition of grape cultivation and their unique cultural landscape, the Prosecco Hills were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2019.

14th Century Padua Frescoes (2021: Cultural Heritage)

Padua was a flourishing city-state during the Middle Ages. Around the 14th century, artists such as Giotto adorned the Scrovegni Chapel and the Palazzo della Ragione with frescoes. These frescoes, which laid the foundation for perspective in painting and paved the way for the Renaissance, were recognized as a World Heritage Site in 2021.

Porticoes of Bologna (2021: Cultural Heritage)

A portico is an Italian term referring to a colonnade or covered walkway. In the historic district of Bologna, these porticoes extend for over 38 kilometers, and when including the areas outside the city gates, they reach a remarkable length of 53 kilometers. This unparalleled network of porticoes, along with the city's towers, has been recognized for its architectural and cultural significance and has been inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List.

Great Thermal Cities of Europe (2021: Cultural Heritage)

Eleven spa towns across seven European countries (Italy, Germany, Austria, Belgium, France, the United Kingdom, and the Czech Republic) were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2021 as the Great Spa Towns of Europe. These towns, known for their natural thermal springs, significantly contributed to the development of spa culture from the early 18th century to the 1930s.
Representing Italy in this prestigious list is Montecatini Terme in Tuscany, a town with a history of thermal springs dating back to Roman times.

Primeval Beech Forests in the Carpathian Mountains and Other Parts of Europe (2007, 2011, 2017, 2021: Natural Heritage)

The Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe is a UNESCO World Heritage site that spans an impressive 18 countries. This is the world heritage site with the largest number of countries involved. The site includes primeval beech forests, beech forests, and nature reserves, which have been added to the list in phases since 2007.
In Italy, the site includes five locations in the Abruzzo, Lazio, and Molise National Park, as well as one location in the Cimino, Raschio, and Sassofratino Nature Reserve, and two locations in the Umbrian Forest Nature Reserve.

Historic Center of San Marino and Mount Titano (2008: Cultural Heritage)

San Marino, a small, landlocked country with a population of just 30,000, is located in the mountainous region of central-northern Italy. Despite not being part of Italy, it is entirely surrounded by the country.
The historic district, built on the summit of Mount Titano, which could be described as a natural fortress, vividly retains the characteristics of a medieval city-state. Its deep-rooted connection to tradition has earned it a place on the UNESCO World Heritage List.

Summary of Italian World Heritage Sites

Italy, often conjured up as a land of blue skies, radiant sun, and lively Latin flair, is a captivating destination steeped in history and culture. Blessed with a mild Mediterranean climate, this European gem boasts the highest number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites globally, rivaling France in popularity.
Beyond its iconic cities and renowned attractions like Pompeii and the trulli of Alberobello, Italy offers hidden gems such as the Blue Grotto on Capri and the sky-high town of Civita di Bagnoregio. Exploring the charming ‘Borghi’, or small communes, recognized for their historical and scenic beauty is a quintessential Italian experience. With so much to offer, it’s no wonder Italy remains a top travel destination, inviting visitors to return time and time again.

Introducing all 58 World Heritage Sites in Italy